[The participation of italian nurses in the spanish civil war (1936-1939): identity, ideals and motivations]. / La partecipazione delle infermiere italianealla guerra civile spagnola (1936-1939):identità, ideali e motivazioni.

. The participation of italian nurses in the spanish civil war (1936-1939): identity, ideals and motivations. INTRODUCTION: The Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936 as a result of social and political tensions. It saw the nationalists and republicans of the Popular Front clash. The conflict ended in April 1939, when the Franco regime began and lasted until 1975. AIM: The research aims at investigating the training, organization, identity, ideals and motivations of the Italian nurses who participated as volunteers in this conflict. METHODS: The research was divided in phases according to Prosopography as a historical research method. Materials from secondary sources were analyzed at cultural sector libraries. Primary sources were then sought from national and international archives. Finally, experts in contemporary history were consulted. RESULTS: During the Spanish civil war, about 1000 Italian nurses participated in the conflict, giving their contribution in the two distinct factions. The anti-fascist volunteers, often not professionally trained, provided assistance throughout the war front while the nurses of the Italian Red Cross, graduated and supported by a militarized health care facility, created a unique and well-organized sector. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limits due to the difficulty of finding the sources, the research shows that both bodies were moved by personal and political motivations. The analysis of personal data and the testimonies outlined important differences in education and social extraction, but also interesting similar elements that they shared in their humanitarian ideals.

Project HOPE: American nurses in Brazil (1973).

OBJECTIVE: to describe the reality of nurses of Project HOPE and discuss the repercussion of their performance in relation to the reconfiguration of nursing in Alagoas State. METHOD: social-historical study, whose primary sources were documents filed in the Laboratory of Documentation and Research in History of Nursing, granted by this project; oral testimonies resulting from the transcription of interviews of US nurses and the VeNeta Masson's'logbook, coordinator nurse of the ship. The discussion of the data was based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee and approved by it. RESULTS: The actions of the American nurses exposed the shortage of this type of professional in the area, as well as the precarious health conditions in the region. CONCLUSION: the symbolic capital of these nurses has contributed to the reconfiguration of the nursing field in Alagoas State.

Project HOPE: American nurses in Brazil (1973) / Proyecto HOPE: actuación de enfermeras norteamericanas en Brasil (1973) / Projeto HOPE: atuação de enfermeiras norte-americanas no Brasil (1973)

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the reality of nurses of Project HOPE and discuss the repercussion of their performance in relation to the reconfiguration of nursing in Alagoas State. Method: social-historical study, whose primary sources were documents filed in the Laboratory of Documentation and Research in History of Nursing, granted by this project; oral testimonies resulting from the transcription of interviews of US nurses and the VeNeta Masson's'logbook, coordinator nurse of the ship. The discussion of the data was based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee and approved by it. Results: The actions of the American nurses exposed the shortage of this type of professional in the area, as well as the precarious health conditions in the region. Conclusion: the symbolic capital of these nurses has contributed to the reconfiguration of the nursing field in Alagoas State.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las circunstancias de actuación de las enfermeras del proyecto HOPE y discutir las repercusiones de la actuación de esas enfermeras en relación a la reconfiguración de la enfermería del estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Método: el estudio histórico-social, cuyas fuentes primarias fueron documentos archivados en el Laboratorio de Documentación e Investigación en Historia de la Enfermería, documentos cedidos por el proyecto HOPE, testimonios orales resultantes de la transcripción de entrevistas de enfermeras norteamericanas y el diario de a bordo de la enfermera VeNeta Masson, coordinadora de enfermería del buque. La discusión de los datos tuvo como referencia la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu. El proyecto fue sometido al Comité de Ética y fue aprobado. Resultados: las acciones de las enfermeras norteamericanas expusieron la escasez de ese tipo de profesional en el área, así como las precarias condiciones de salud en la región. Conclusión: el capital simbólico de esas enfermeras contribuyó a la reconfiguración del campo de la enfermería en Alagoas.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as circusntâncias de atuação das enfermeiras do projeto HOPE e discutir as repercussões da atuação dessas enfermeiras em relação à reconfiguração da enfermagem alagoana. Método: estudo histórico-social, cujas fontes primárias foram documentos arquivados no Laboratório de Documentação e Pesquisa em História da Enfermagem, documentos cedidos pelo projeto HOPE, depoimentos orais resultantes da transcrição de entrevistas de enfermeiras norte-americanas e o diário de bordo da enfermeira VeNeta Masson, coordenadora de enfermagem do navio. A discussão dos dados teve como referencial a teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. O projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética e foi aprovado. Resultados: as ações das enfermeiras norte-americanas expuseram a escassez desse tipo de profissional na área, bem como as precárias condições de saúde na região. Conclusão: o capital simbólico dessas enfermeiras contribuiu para a reconfiguração do campo da enfermagem em Alagoas.

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